Stoicism
Live by nature and reason: only your own judgements are in your power
Key ideas
- Virtue is the only good; all else is indifferent
- Distinguish what is up to us from what is not
- The world is pervaded by reason, the logos
- Calm and steadfastness in the face of fate
- All people are citizens of one world
Key thinkers
- Zeno of Citium (founder) — ancient Greek philosopher, founder of Stoicism, 334 BC–262 BC
- Seneca the Younger — Roman Stoic philosopher, 4 BC–65
- Epictetus — Greek Stoic philosopher, 50–135
- Marcus Aurelius — Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, 121–180
Grew out of
- Cynicism c. 400 BC – 500 · Europe
Meanwhile elsewhere
- Confucianism Asia
- Buddhist philosophy Asia
- Mohism Asia
- Taoism Asia
- Legalism Asia
- Nyaya Asia
- Patristics Africa
- Madhyamaka Asia