Treaty of the Pyrenees
Spain yields first place in Europe to France
The treaty, signed in November 1659 on Pheasant Island in the border river Bidasoa, ended 24 years of war between France and Spain. France gained Roussillon and Artois, Louis XIV married the Infanta Maria Theresa, and France became the leading power in Europe.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 17th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1649 Law Code of 1649 — 10 years earlier
- 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement — 5 years earlier
- 1667 Truce of Andrusovo — 8 years later
- 1682 Accession of Peter the Great — 23 years later
Africa
- 1662 Last sighting of the dodo — 3 years later
Asia
- 1644 Fall of the Ming, rise of the Qing — 15 years earlier
- 1673–1681 Revolt of the Three Feudatories — 14 years later
Alive at the time
- Rembrandt (aged 53)
- Louis XIV (aged 21)
- Isaac Newton (aged 16)
- Kangxi Emperor (aged 5)
- Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba (aged 76)
- Thomas Hobbes (aged 71)
- Shah Jahan (aged 67)
- Aurangzeb (aged 41)
- Alexis the Most Quiet (aged 30)
- Shivaji (aged 29)