Sigmund Freud

Max Halberstadt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis

1856 – 1939 · 83 years · Vienna · Europe

Viennese physician who founded psychoanalysis and the theory of the unconscious; author of The Interpretation of Dreams.

Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 19th century

Portrait: Max Halberstadt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Contemporaries around the world

Europe

Marie Curie — physicist and chemist, twice Nobel laureate, 11 years younger
Winston Churchill — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 18 years younger
Albert Einstein — physicist, creator of relativity, 23 years younger
Pablo Picasso — painter and sculptor, 25 years younger
Adolf Hitler — dictator of Nazi Germany, 33 years younger
Queen Victoria — Queen of the United Kingdom, 37 years older

Eastern Europe & Russia

Joseph Stalin — leader of the Soviet Union, 22 years younger
Leo Tolstoy — novelist, 28 years older
Vladimir Lenin — revolutionary, head of the Soviet government, 14 years younger
Dmitri Mendeleev — chemist, creator of the periodic table, 22 years older
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — composer, 16 years older
Fyodor Dostoevsky — novelist, 35 years older

Middle East

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — founder and first President of Turkey, 25 years younger
Mehmed VI — last Ottoman sultan, 5 years younger
Abdul Hamid II — the 'Red Sultan' who dissolved the first parliament, 14 years older
Golda Meir — Prime Minister of Israel, 42 years younger
Gamal Abdel Nasser — President of Egypt, 62 years younger
Mehmed V Reşad — sultan under whom the empire entered World War I, 12 years older

Africa

Nelson Mandela — first Black President of South Africa, 62 years younger
Menelik II — Emperor of Ethiopia, 12 years older
Haile Selassie — Emperor of Ethiopia, 36 years younger
David Livingstone — explorer of Africa and missionary, 43 years older
Patrice Lumumba — first prime minister of Congo, 69 years younger
Yaa Asantewaa — Queen Mother of Ejisu, war leader, 16 years older

Asia

Mahatma Gandhi — leader of the Indian independence movement, 13 years younger
Mao Zedong — Chairman of the CCP, founder of the PRC, 37 years younger
Rabindranath Tagore — poet and writer, Nobel laureate, 5 years younger
Sun Yat-sen — revolutionary, founding father of the ROC, 10 years younger
Tokugawa Yoshinobu — last shogun, who handed power back to the emperor, 19 years older
Emperor Meiji — Emperor of Japan, 4 years older

Americas

Nikola Tesla — inventor and electrical engineer, born the same year
Thomas Edison — inventor and businessman, 9 years older
Charlie Chaplin — comic actor and filmmaker, 33 years younger
Martin Luther King Jr. — minister and civil rights leader, 73 years younger
Henry Ford — industrialist, founder of Ford Motor Company, 7 years younger
Woodrow Wilson — 28th US president, World War I and the League of Nations, born the same year

Oceania

Ernest Rutherford — physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus, 15 years younger
Howard Florey — pharmacologist who made penicillin a drug, 42 years younger
Edmund Hillary — mountaineer and explorer, 63 years younger
Kate Sheppard — suffragist, 9 years older
Nellie Melba — operatic soprano, 5 years younger
Liliʻuokalani — Queen of Hawaii, 18 years older

The world in their lifetime

1859 Darwin's On the Origin of Species — aged 3, Europe
1861 Unification of Italy — aged 5, Europe
1861 Emancipation of the serfs in Russia — aged 5, Eastern Europe & Russia
1861–1865 American Civil War — aged 5, Americas
1863 Emancipation Proclamation — aged 7, Americas
1864–1870 Paraguayan War — aged 8, Americas
1867 Alaska Purchase — aged 11, Eastern Europe & Russia
1867 Canadian Confederation — aged 11, Americas
1868 Meiji Restoration — aged 12, Asia
1869 Opening of the Suez Canal — aged 13, Africa
1869 Tolstoy's War and Peace — aged 13, Eastern Europe & Russia
1869 First transcontinental railroad — aged 13, Americas
1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War — aged 14, Europe
1871 Unification of Germany — aged 15, Europe
1871 Paris Commune — aged 15, Europe
1874 First Impressionist exhibition — aged 18, Europe
1876 Invention of the telephone — aged 20, Americas
1879 Edison's incandescent lamp — aged 23, Americas
1883 Eruption of Krakatoa — aged 27, Asia
1885 Founding of the Indian National Congress — aged 29, Asia
1886 Benz's first automobile — aged 30, Europe
1889 Eiffel Tower — aged 33, Europe
1893 New Zealand women win the vote — aged 37, Oceania
1905 Einstein's miracle year and relativity — aged 49, Europe
1908 Oil struck at Masjed Soleyman — aged 52, Middle East
1914–1918 World War I — aged 58, Whole world
1914 Opening of the Panama Canal — aged 58, Americas
1915 Armenian genocide — aged 59, Middle East
1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement — aged 60, Middle East
1917 October Revolution — aged 61, Eastern Europe & Russia
1917–1922 Russian Civil War — aged 61, Eastern Europe & Russia
1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic — aged 62, Whole world
1919 Treaty of Versailles — aged 63, Europe
1928 Discovery of penicillin — aged 72, Europe
1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression — aged 73, Americas
1929–1933 Collectivization in the Soviet Union — aged 73, Eastern Europe & Russia
1933 Hitler comes to power — aged 77, Europe
1936–1938 Great Purge — aged 80, Eastern Europe & Russia
1936–1939 Spanish Civil War — aged 80, Europe
1939–1945 World War II — aged 83, Whole world