Tupaia, the navigator of Raiatea
A Polynesian drew Cook a map of the Pacific from memory
The priest and navigator Tupaia of Raiatea joined the Endeavour at Tahiti in 1769. From his knowledge a chart was drawn showing dozens of islands across thousands of kilometres, a digest of Polynesian wayfinding. In New Zealand he served as interpreter, since Māori understood his language, and many took him, not Cook, for the expedition's leader. He died in Batavia in 1770.
Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Meanwhile around the world (±25 years)
Europe
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — 14 years earlier
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — 13 years earlier
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — 9 years earlier
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — same year
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — 20 years later
Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — 7 years earlier
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — 5 years earlier
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — 1 year earlier
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — 3 years later
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — 14 years later
Middle East
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — 22 years earlier
Asia
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — 12 years earlier
Americas
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — 7 years later
- 1787 US Constitution — 18 years later
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — 22 years later
Alive at the time
- Voltaire (aged 75)
- Benjamin Franklin (aged 63)
- James Cook (aged 41)
- Catherine the Great (aged 40)
- George Washington (aged 37)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (aged 20)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (aged 13)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (aged 0)
- Carl Linnaeus (aged 62)
- Leonhard Euler (aged 62)