Francisco Goya
1746 – 1828 · 82 years · Madrid · Europe
Spanish court painter who exposed cruelty in Los Caprichos, The Disasters of War, The Third of May 1808 and the haunting Black Paintings.
Wikipedia (Russian) · Wikipedia (English) · 18th century
Portrait: Vicente López Portaña · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Contemporaries around the world
Europe
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — German poet and thinker, 3 years younger
- Ludwig van Beethoven — German composer, 24 years younger
- Napoleon Bonaparte — Emperor of the French, 23 years younger
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart — Austrian composer, 10 years younger
- Voltaire — French Enlightenment writer, 52 years older
- Charles Darwin — naturalist, author of evolutionary theory, 63 years younger
Eastern Europe & Russia
- Catherine the Great — Empress of Russia, 17 years older
- Alexander Pushkin — Russian poet, 53 years younger
- Mikhail Lomonosov — Russian polymath, 35 years older
- Mikhail Kutuzov — Russian field marshal, 1 year older
- Alexander Suvorov — Russian generalissimo, 16 years older
- Alexander I — emperor who defeated Napoleon, 31 years younger
Middle East
- Mahmud II — sultan who destroyed the Janissaries, 39 years younger
- Selim III — reforming Ottoman sultan, 15 years younger
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab — Islamic religious reformer, 43 years older
- Abdul Hamid I — sultan of the Küçük Kaynarca peace and the loss of Crimea, 21 years older
- Mustafa IV — sultan who overthrew the reformer Selim III, 33 years younger
- Mustafa III — sultan who lost the war to Catherine II, 29 years older
Africa
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt — ruler of Egypt, 23 years younger
- Shaka — King of the Zulu, 41 years younger
- David Livingstone — explorer of Africa and missionary, 67 years younger
- Usman dan Fodio — founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, 8 years younger
- Ranavalona I — Queen of Madagascar, 32 years younger
- Moshoeshoe I — founder of Lesotho, 40 years younger
Asia
- Katsushika Hokusai — Japanese artist, 14 years younger
- Tokugawa Ienari — longest-serving shogun, for half a century, 27 years younger
- Qianlong Emperor — Qing emperor of China, 35 years older
- Tipu Sultan — ruler of Mysore, 5 years younger
- Tokugawa Ieharu — shogun of the Tanuma era and the Tenmei famine, 9 years older
- Tokugawa Ieyoshi — shogun who died just after the Black Ships arrived, 47 years younger
Americas
- George Washington — first President of the United States, 14 years older
- Simón Bolívar — liberator of South America, 37 years younger
- Benjamin Franklin — American scientist and statesman, 40 years older
- Abraham Lincoln — 16th President of the United States, 63 years younger
- Thomas Jefferson — third President of the United States, 3 years older
- Andrew Jackson — 7th US president, the Trail of Tears and the Jacksonian era, 21 years younger
Oceania
- James Cook — British navigator, 18 years older
- Kamehameha I — first King of Hawaii, 12 years younger
- Tupaia — Tahitian navigator and priest, 21 years older
- Arthur Phillip — first Governor of New South Wales, 8 years older
- Hongi Hika — Ngāpuhi Māori chief, 26 years younger
- Bennelong — Aboriginal intermediary, 18 years younger
The world in their lifetime
- 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Afghan state — aged 1, Middle East
- 1755 Lisbon earthquake — aged 9, Europe
- 1756–1763 Seven Years' War — aged 10, Europe
- 1757 Battle of Plassey — aged 11, Asia
- c. 1760 Start of the Industrial Revolution — aged 14, Europe
- 1762 Accession of Catherine the Great — aged 16, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1764 Founding of the Hermitage — aged 18, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1768–1771 Cook's first voyage — aged 22, Oceania
- c. 1768 Extinction of Steller's sea cow — aged 22, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1769 Watt's steam engine — aged 23, Europe
- 1772–1795 Partitions of Poland — aged 26, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1776 US Declaration of Independence — aged 30, Americas
- 1783–1784 Laki eruption — aged 37, Europe
- 1783 Russian annexation of Crimea (1783) — aged 37, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1783 First manned balloon flight — aged 37, Europe
- 1787 US Constitution — aged 41, Americas
- 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia — aged 42, Oceania
- 1789 Storming of the Bastille — aged 43, Europe
- 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen — aged 43, Europe
- 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution — aged 45, Americas
- 1796 Jenner's first vaccination — aged 50, Europe
- 1798 Battle of the Pyramids — aged 52, Africa
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase — aged 57, Americas
- 1804 Coronation of Napoleon — aged 58, Europe
- 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising — aged 58, Europe
- 1804–1903 Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the Sokoto Caliphate — aged 58, Africa
- 1805–1848 Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of Egypt — aged 59, Africa
- 1805 Battle of Trafalgar — aged 59, Europe
- 1810–1826 Spanish American wars of independence — aged 64, Americas
- 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia — aged 66, Eastern Europe & Russia
- 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna — aged 68, Europe
- 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora — aged 69, Asia
- 1815 Battle of Waterloo — aged 69, Europe
- 1816 Year Without a Summer — aged 70, Europe
- 1817–1824 First cholera pandemic — aged 71, Asia
- 1817 San Martín's Crossing of the Andes — aged 71, Americas
- 1819 Raffles founds modern Singapore — aged 73, Asia
- 1822 Independence of Brazil — aged 76, Americas
- 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay — aged 82, Middle East